Mammals:
* Deer: White-tailed deer, mule deer, and other deer species browse on mesquite leaves, twigs, and pods.
* Javelina: These pig-like animals are known for their fondness for mesquite beans.
* Cattle: Cows can graze on mesquite, though it's not their preferred food.
* Horses: Horses can also eat mesquite, especially if they are accustomed to it.
* Rodents: Squirrels, rats, and other rodents eat mesquite seeds and pods.
* Rabbits: Rabbits nibble on the leaves and stems.
Birds:
* Quail: Several quail species, like Gambel's quail, rely on mesquite beans for sustenance.
* Doves: Mourning doves and other dove species are attracted to mesquite seeds and pods.
* Birds of prey: Hawks, owls, and other predators sometimes hunt the rodents and smaller birds that are attracted to mesquite trees.
Insects:
* Mesquite bugs: These small insects feed on the sap of mesquite trees.
* Grasshoppers: Various grasshopper species feed on mesquite leaves and stems.
* Beetles: Beetles can be found feeding on mesquite leaves, stems, and pods.
It's important to note that the availability and palatability of mesquite varies depending on the season, location, and species. However, these animals play a crucial role in mesquite ecosystems, helping to disperse seeds, control populations, and contribute to nutrient cycling.