Insects:
* Monarch butterflies: This iconic species relies heavily on milkweed for both food and reproduction. Caterpillars feed exclusively on milkweed leaves, and adult butterflies lay their eggs on the plant.
* Queen butterflies: Similar to monarchs, these butterflies also use milkweed as a host plant.
* Milkweed beetles: These colorful beetles are specialized milkweed feeders, both as adults and larvae. They can be found on the plant in large numbers.
* Milkweed bugs: These red and black bugs, both nymphs and adults, feed on milkweed seeds and pods.
* Other insects: A variety of other insects, including aphids, grasshoppers, and even some ants, can be found on milkweed.
Mammals:
* Deer: Deer will occasionally graze on milkweed, but it's not a preferred food source due to its bitter taste and milky sap.
* Rabbits: Rabbits can also eat milkweed, but they generally prefer other plants.
* Ground squirrels: Some squirrels may nibble on milkweed, but again, it's not a primary food source.
Birds:
* Goldfinches: These colorful birds feed on milkweed seeds, especially in the fall.
* Other seed-eating birds: Other birds, such as sparrows and cardinals, may also eat milkweed seeds.
Other:
* Milkweed tussock moth caterpillars: These caterpillars feed on milkweed leaves and are a major pest of the plant.
* Milkweed leaf beetles: These beetles can also damage milkweed plants by feeding on the leaves.
Important Note: While many animals can eat milkweed, it's crucial to remember that milkweed contains toxic chemicals that can be harmful to some animals, particularly livestock.
The role of milkweed in the ecosystem:
Milkweed plays a vital role in supporting a variety of animals, particularly the monarch butterfly, which is facing population declines. Planting milkweed in gardens and landscapes can help support this iconic species and other milkweed-dependent animals.