* Wolves: Wolves are the most significant predator of elk, particularly in areas where they coexist.
* Bears: Both grizzly bears and black bears prey on elk, especially calves and weaker individuals.
* Mountain Lions: Also known as cougars, mountain lions are efficient predators of elk, often targeting calves and the elderly.
* Coyotes: While not as large as wolves, coyotes can prey on elk calves and occasionally adults.
Other animals that may occasionally scavenge on elk carcasses include:
* Ravens: They will feed on carrion, including elk carcasses.
* Bald Eagles: Similar to ravens, they may scavenge on elk remains.
It's important to note that the specific predators of elk vary depending on the region and the elk population dynamics.