In the wild:
* Grasses: A major portion of their diet, especially in savanna and grassland habitats.
* Leaves: They browse on trees and shrubs, consuming leaves, twigs, and bark.
* Fruits: They are opportunistic feeders and enjoy fruits like mangoes, figs, and bananas when available.
* Roots and tubers: Digging up roots and tubers is a common behavior, especially during dry seasons.
* Bark: They sometimes strip bark from trees, although this can damage the tree.
In captivity:
* Hay: The primary source of roughage, providing essential fiber and nutrients.
* Fruits and vegetables: Offered as treats and enrichment, including apples, bananas, carrots, and melons.
* Pelleted feed: Commercially prepared feeds formulated specifically for elephants, providing balanced nutrition.
* Grains: Often included in their diet, such as oats, corn, and rice.
Other important considerations:
* Water: Elephants need to drink large amounts of water daily.
* Minerals: They require minerals like salt, which they often obtain from natural mineral licks.
* Variety: A diverse diet is crucial for elephant health, providing a wide range of nutrients and preventing nutritional deficiencies.
Important note: It is crucial to ensure that elephants in captivity have access to a diet that meets their nutritional needs and provides sufficient fiber. A lack of proper nutrition can lead to health problems like obesity, digestive issues, and even dental problems.