What transcontinental transfer of people food plants and animals?

The Columbian Exchange refers to the transcontinental transfer of people, food plants, and animals between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that occurred after Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas in 1492. This exchange had a profound impact on both the Old World and the New World, as it introduced new crops, livestock, and diseases to each hemisphere.

From the Americas to Europe

* Corn (maize): Maize was a staple crop in the Americas and was quickly adopted in Europe, where it became a major food source.

* Potatoes: Potatoes were another staple crop in the Americas and became a popular food source in Europe, especially in Ireland.

* Tomatoes: Tomatoes were originally grown in South America and were introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers.

* Beans: Beans were a common crop in the Americas and were introduced to Europe, where they became a popular food source.

* Squash: Squash was grown in the Americas and was introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers.

* Chillies: Chillies were originally grown in South America and were introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers.

* Cocoa: Cocoa was originally grown in South America and was introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers.

* Sugar: Sugar was originally grown in Asia and was introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers.

* Tobacco: Tobacco was originally grown in South America and was introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers.

From Europe to the Americas

* Wheat: Wheat was a staple crop in Europe and was introduced to the Americas by European colonists.

* Rice: Rice was a staple crop in Europe and was introduced to the Americas by European colonists.

* Barley: Barley was a common crop in Europe and was introduced to the Americas by European colonists.

* Oats: Oats were a common crop in Europe and were introduced to the Americas by European colonists.

* Cattle: Cattle were introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers and quickly became a major source of food and transportation.

* Pigs: Pigs were introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers and quickly became a major source of food.

* Horses: Horses were introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers and revolutionized transportation and warfare.

* Chickens: Chickens were introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers and quickly became a major source of food.

Exchange of Diseases

The Columbian Exchange also resulted in the exchange of diseases between the Americas and Europe. Some of the most devastating diseases that were introduced to the Americas by Europeans included smallpox, measles, and influenza, which decimated the native population. Conversely, some diseases that were introduced to Europe from the Americas included syphilis and yellow fever.