Instructions
Check for udders. Only female goats have udders, located between the back legs. This won't work with juvenile goats, as both male and female goats have undeveloped teats---udders are full on breeding females, in which case they are clearly visible.
Check for testicles. Only make goats have testicles that hang quite low between the back legs---they are distinguished from udders because they look like two hanging sacks, while udders look like one full pouch.
Smell the goat. The pungent, 'goaty' smell that goats are notorious for actually only comes from the males.
Watch the goat urinate. Females will squat and urinate backwards. Male goats can also squat, but urinate forwards. According to Animal Behavior(see ref. 3) male goats will sometimes urinate on their own beards to reinforce their dominance---if you see a goat doing this it is male.
Lift the goat's tail. This is probably the easiest way to tell a male goat from a female goat if you can get to the tail safely. A female goat will have an anus and a vagina directly below the tail---two holes. A male goat only has an anus---one hole. This is safest done with newborn goats, but is a sure way to tell the goats apart at any age.
How to Tell If a Goat Is Male or Female?
Goats are common herd animals, found in most countries. Goats are typically found in mountainous areas and are very good climbers. Goats are herded for their milk and their meat and hide, and are renowned for being stubborn, cheeky and even aggressive. Telling a male and female goat apart can be tricky at first glance because both males and females can have horns and beards, but it is simple if you know what to look for.