Large Predators:
* Wolves: Wolves are one of the most effective predators of wild boars, especially in Europe and Asia.
* Bears: Both brown and black bears can prey on wild boars, though they are less specialized than wolves.
* Tigers: In parts of Asia, tigers are a significant predator of wild boars.
* Leopards: Leopards are also known to hunt wild boars in certain regions.
* Lions: In Africa, lions will occasionally prey on wild boars, but they are not a primary food source.
* Crocodiles: In areas where crocodiles are present, they can pose a threat to young or vulnerable wild boars.
Smaller Predators:
* Dholes: These wild dogs are known to hunt wild boars in packs, especially in India and Southeast Asia.
* Jackals: Jackals may target young or sick wild boars, especially when other prey is scarce.
* Foxes: While foxes are generally smaller than wild boars, they may scavenge on carcasses or prey on young piglets.
* Lynx: Lynx can hunt wild boars, particularly in Europe.
* Large birds of prey: Eagles and other large raptors can occasionally prey on young or injured wild boars.
Other threats:
* Disease: Wild boars are susceptible to various diseases, which can significantly reduce their population.
* Competition: Wild boars compete with other animals for food and habitat, which can affect their survival.
* Hunting: In many areas, humans hunt wild boars for population control or for sport, which can impact their numbers.
It's important to note that the specific predators and threats to wild boars vary significantly based on location and environmental factors.