Domestic Pig Types

Pigs are not just a source of meat. There are many types of pigs, ranging from domestic pigs bred exclusively for lard to companions treated much like a beloved pet cat or dog. Domestic pigs can be typified according their main agricultural or domestic purpose.

  1. Lard-Type Pigs

    • The lard-type pigs are breeds that have been specifically developed for their lard or fat and are the first traditional type of domestic pig. Lard-type pigs have a short and thick body type, and they used to be bred in large numbers due to the demand for lard as shortening and as a soap-making ingredient. Lard-type pigs used to be sharply distinct from the leaner, bacon-type pigs. But as market demands changed, swine producers blurred the distinctions through breeding that resulted in today's modern meat-type pigs. Examples of traditional lard-type pig breeds include the Duroc Jersy, Poland China, Spotted Poland China, Hampshire, Chester White and Berkshire.

      Interest in the traditional, fattier lard-type pigs is still present. There are farmers who breed the "unimproved" lard-type pigs such as the Mangalitsa and Iberian, which are said to produce a healthier, more flavorful meat marbled with fat for use in high-quality pork dishes and specialty cured meats.

    Bacon-Type Pigs

    • The bacon-type pigs such as the Tamworth and Yorkshire breeds have a long and narrow appearance that is also deep and even sided. These types of pigs have desirable characteristics suited for bacon production.

    Modern Meat-Type or Market Pigs

    • The modern meat-type or market pigs is a result of improvements in the traditional lard-type pigs. These pigs are often the result of crossbreeding in order to get the attributes of lean meat with just the right amount of fat for flavor. These pigs can grow rapidly and efficiently, being able to reach the market weight 220 to 265 pounds in a maximum of six months from birth.

    Potbelly or Miniature Pigs

    • Pigs can also become pets much like cats and dogs, and the specific type of pigs that fulfill these roles are the potbelly or miniature pigs. Despite being marketed as "miniature," this type of domestic pig is actually only miniature when compared to other domestic pigs. The average weight of potbellied pigs is 125 pounds, about half of a market pig's target weight. They are described to be very intelligent and playful and can be trained to use a litter box like a cat. Popular breeds are the Vietnamese, Juliani, African Pygmy, Yucatan, Ossabaw Island and KuneKune.