Overfishing: Bull sharks are often caught as bycatch in commercial and recreational fishing operations. This can reduce their populations and make them more vulnerable to other threats.
Pollution: Bull sharks can be exposed to pollutants from industrial activities, sewage discharge, and agricultural runoff. This can cause health problems and make them more susceptible to disease.
Climate change: Rising sea levels and changes in water temperature due to climate change can affect bull shark populations. These changes can alter their distribution, abundance, and behavior.
Hunting and culling: Bull sharks are sometimes hunted or culled due to their perceived danger to humans. This can further reduce their populations and contribute to their threatened status.