* Native to North America: Mustangs are descended from horses brought to North America by Spanish explorers centuries ago. These horses escaped or were intentionally released, and they have adapted to the environment and thrived in many regions. They are not an introduced species from another continent.
* Ecological Role: While their grazing can impact vegetation, they are considered part of the natural ecosystem. They have historically played a role in shaping the landscape and influencing the distribution of other species.
* Conservation Status: Mustangs are currently managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and are considered a protected species in many areas. Their population and range are carefully monitored.
However, there are some complexities:
* Overgrazing: Mustang populations can sometimes exceed the carrying capacity of their environment, leading to overgrazing and habitat degradation. This is a concern for the long-term health of the ecosystem.
* Conflicts with Ranching: Mustang herds can compete with cattle for grazing resources, leading to conflicts with ranchers and creating management challenges.
* Wild Horse and Burro Act: The Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971 protects mustangs as "living symbols of the historic and pioneer spirit of the West." However, the act has been criticized for its focus on preserving mustang populations without addressing their ecological impact.
In conclusion: While not technically invasive, mustang populations can have a significant ecological impact and require careful management. The balance between conservation and sustainable management is an ongoing debate and challenge for both the BLM and the public.