Physical Adaptations:
* Long neck: This is their most obvious adaptation. It allows them to reach high into the trees to eat leaves, giving them access to food sources that other herbivores can't reach. This reduces competition for food.
* Long legs: These allow giraffes to run fast, reaching speeds of up to 35 mph, to escape predators like lions. Their long legs also help them to see over tall grasses, providing them with a better view of their surroundings.
* Thick skin: Giraffes have thick skin that provides protection from the sun and thorns. It also makes them less vulnerable to predators.
* Spot pattern: The unique spot pattern of each giraffe helps with camouflage in the dappled shade of the savanna trees.
* Large heart and blood vessels: Giraffes have a powerful heart that pumps blood up their long necks against gravity. Their blood vessels have special valves to prevent blood from pooling in their legs when they lower their head to drink.
* Prehensile tongue: Their long, prehensile tongue is strong enough to pull leaves off branches and can be extended up to 21 inches.
Behavioral Adaptations:
* Social behavior: Giraffes live in herds that help them stay safe from predators. They communicate with each other through vocalizations and body language.
* Water conservation: Giraffes can go long periods without drinking water, obtaining most of their moisture from the leaves they eat. This is crucial in the arid savanna.
* Thermoregulation: Giraffes have adapted to the heat of the savanna by having a thick layer of fat that insulates them. They also use their long necks to radiate heat.
These adaptations have allowed giraffes to thrive in the African savanna, a challenging but rewarding environment.