Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped. The classic example is barnacles on whales.
In the case of cattle egrets and cape buffalo:
* The cattle egret benefits: They get a food source (ticks) and a safe place to rest.
* The cape buffalo also benefits: They get rid of pesky ticks, which can be harmful.
So, why the dilemma?
* Mutualism: The buffalo clearly benefit from the egrets' tick-removal services. This makes the relationship closer to mutualism, where both species benefit.
Conclusion:
While the relationship might initially seem commensal, the fact that the buffalo benefit significantly from the egrets' actions leans the relationship closer to mutualism. It's a good example of how symbiotic relationships can be nuanced and difficult to definitively categorize.
Further considerations:
* The degree of benefit: Is the benefit to the buffalo significant enough to make it a clear mutualistic relationship?
* Obligatory or facultative: Do the egrets *need* the buffalo, or could they survive without them? Similarly, do the buffalo *depend* on the egrets for tick removal?
These factors all contribute to a more complex understanding of the relationship between cattle egrets and cape buffalo.