1. Building Blocks for Life:
* Proteins: Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are essential for a wide range of functions, including:
* Enzymes: Catalyze biochemical reactions
* Hormones: Regulate bodily processes
* Antibodies: Defend against pathogens
* Structural components: Muscles, skin, bones, etc.
* Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen is found in both DNA and RNA, the molecules that carry genetic information and guide protein synthesis.
2. Energy Production:
* Amino Acids: Nitrogen-containing amino acids can be broken down to generate energy.
* Metabolic Processes: Nitrogen plays a role in various metabolic pathways, including those involved in energy production.
3. Maintaining Body Fluids:
* Osmoregulation: Nitrogen-containing compounds contribute to the osmotic balance of body fluids, ensuring proper hydration and electrolyte levels.
4. Other Important Functions:
* Neurotransmitters: Some neurotransmitters, like dopamine and serotonin, contain nitrogen and play crucial roles in brain function and behavior.
* Hemoglobin: Nitrogen is present in heme, the iron-containing molecule in hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
In summary, nitrogen is essential for animals to build and maintain their bodies, produce energy, regulate body fluids, and perform a range of other vital functions.
Note: Animals cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen (N2). They obtain nitrogen from their diet, which is made up of organic nitrogen compounds like proteins and nucleic acids.