* Complex multicellularity: This means they are made up of many cells that are specialized for different functions.
* Eukaryotic cells: Their cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
* Tissue and organ systems: Cells are organized into tissues, which are organized into organs, which work together in organ systems.
* Specialized cells: Different cells perform specific functions within the organism (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, photosynthetic cells).
* Sexual reproduction: They reproduce by combining genetic material from two parents.
* Adaptive immune system: (In higher animals) This allows the organism to recognize and fight off foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.
Other features common in higher plants and animals:
* Heterotrophy: Higher animals are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms.
* Autotrophy: Higher plants are autotrophic, meaning they can make their own food through photosynthesis.
* Complex nervous systems: (In higher animals) These enable complex behaviors and responses to the environment.
* Advanced sensory organs: (In higher animals) These allow them to perceive and respond to their surroundings.
* Internal transport systems: Both higher plants and animals have systems for transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout their bodies (e.g., circulatory system in animals, vascular system in plants).
It's important to remember that these are general characteristics, and there is great diversity within both the animal and plant kingdoms.