Animals that exhibit latitudinal migration:
Birds:
* Arctic Tern: Migrates from the Arctic to Antarctica, covering the longest distance of any bird migration (approximately 44,000 km).
* Bar-headed Goose: Migrates from breeding grounds in Siberia to wintering grounds in India.
* Monarch Butterfly: Migrates from Canada and the United States to Mexico.
* Hummingbird: Many species, including the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, migrate from North America to Central and South America.
* Wading Birds: Many species, such as the Black-tailed Godwit, migrate from Europe to Africa.
Mammals:
* Gray Whale: Migrates from Alaska and the Arctic Ocean to warmer waters in Mexico and California.
* Caribou: Migrate between their summer and winter feeding grounds, often traveling thousands of kilometers.
* African Elephant: Some populations exhibit seasonal migrations for food and water.
* Bison: Historically migrated long distances in North America, but now are often confined to protected areas.
Fish:
* Atlantic Salmon: Migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn.
* Eel: Some species migrate from Europe and North America to the Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean to spawn.
* Tuna: Some species, such as the Bluefin Tuna, migrate thousands of kilometers across the ocean.
Insects:
* Monarch Butterfly: (mentioned above, but also considered an insect)
* Locusts: Migrate in swarms, covering vast distances.
* Dragonflies: Some species migrate long distances, often following weather patterns.
Reptiles:
* Sea Turtle: Migrate between feeding and nesting grounds, often traveling thousands of kilometers.
Amphibians:
* Salamanders: Some species migrate to breeding ponds, often traveling through forests and across roads.
Note: These are just a few examples, and many other animals exhibit latitudinal migration patterns. The specific species and distances involved vary greatly depending on the animal and its environment.