Insects:
* Ants: Live in complex underground colonies.
* Beetles: Many species burrow into the soil for shelter and to lay eggs.
* Earthworms: Essential for soil health, they create tunnels and consume organic matter.
* Grubs: Larvae of beetles, they live in the soil and feed on roots.
* Crickets: Some species live underground and can even make noises by rubbing their wings together.
* Termites: Build elaborate underground nests and are often found in tropical regions.
Other invertebrates:
* Millipedes: Feed on decaying organic matter and live in the soil.
* Centipedes: Predators that hunt other insects in the soil.
* Scorpions: Some species live underground and emerge to hunt at night.
* Spiders: Many species build webs in the soil and catch their prey there.
* Snails: Some species live in the soil, especially in damp environments.
Vertebrates:
* Snakes: Many species burrow underground to escape predators or to lay eggs.
* Lizards: Some lizards are burrowing species that spend most of their time in the soil.
* Rodents: Mice, voles, and other small rodents often build burrows in the soil.
* Moles: Specialized mammals that dig extensive tunnel networks underground.
This is just a small sampling of the vast array of animals that live in the soil. There are many more species, each playing a vital role in the ecosystem!