Major doesn't describe equality as being completely equal. Instead, he uses the phrase "All animals are equal" as a rallying cry for revolution and a slogan to motivate the animals.
Here's how Major describes the equality of animals:
* He emphasizes the shared suffering and exploitation of all animals. They are all oppressed by humans, who are seen as the enemy.
* He stresses the inherent equality of all animals. He says that "Man is the only real enemy we have" and that "all animals are equal." He focuses on the shared oppression and potential for unity among all animals.
* He doesn't delve into the specifics of how this equality would be implemented in practice. His vision of equality is a utopian one, without specific details on how it would function in a practical sense.
Later, the pigs, who gain power, twist Major's original message. They create the "Seven Commandments" to govern the farm, but they eventually revise them to benefit themselves. This leads to a society where the pigs, who are seen as superior, rule over the other animals.
In short, Major doesn't fully articulate a theory of equality. He uses the phrase "All animals are equal" as a powerful statement of their shared oppression and potential for unity. However, the pigs, through their own self-serving interpretation of this principle, turn it into a tool for oppression and ultimately, inequality.