What is a pointed bony outgrowth on the head of cattle?

The pointed bony outgrowth on the head of cattle is called a horn.

While not all cattle have horns, those that do typically have two, located on the top of the head, and are made of keratin, the same material that makes up human hair and nails.

It's important to note that "horn" can be a bit of a confusing term, as it's sometimes used interchangeably with "antler." However, antlers are shed and regrown annually, while horns are permanent.