Meat and Fat:
* Meat: The primary source of protein for food, both fresh and dried (jerky).
* Fat: Used for cooking, lighting, and as a skin softener.
Hide:
* Clothing: Made into robes, blankets, clothing, moccasins, and even shields.
* Housing: Used for tipis, lodges, and bedding.
* Tools: Used to make drums, bags, and other tools.
Bones:
* Tools: Made into knives, scrapers, arrow points, awls, and other tools.
* Jewelry: Used for beads and other adornments.
* Construction: Used for building structures and dwellings.
Other Uses:
* Tendon: Used for bowstrings and sewing thread.
* Hair: Used for weaving blankets and making ropes.
* Hoofs: Used for glue and other products.
* Intestines: Used to make containers and bags.
Beyond Practicality:
The bison held spiritual significance for many tribes. It represented power, strength, and the source of life. Their symbolism was woven into rituals, ceremonies, and stories.
The bison's importance in Native American life was profound and multifaceted. They were not simply a food source but a symbol of their cultural heritage and a cornerstone of their existence.