Predators:
* Large carnivores: Wolves, bears, lions, tigers, and other large predators can kill cows, especially if they are hungry or if the cows are vulnerable (e.g., calves or sick cows).
* Smaller predators: Coyotes, bobcats, and even large dogs can kill calves or weak cows.
Other animals:
* Large herbivores: Bulls, especially during mating season, can be aggressive and dangerous to other cows, and sometimes even fatal.
* Large birds: While not a common occurrence, large birds like eagles or condors can potentially kill calves if they are small enough.
Other factors:
* Disease: Diseases can weaken cows, making them more susceptible to attacks from predators or other animals.
* Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, like a blizzard or a severe drought, can weaken cows and make them vulnerable to predators.
It's important to note that most of these scenarios are rare. In most cases, cows are raised in protected environments and are safe from predators. However, it's always good to be aware of the potential dangers that exist in the wild.