* Boreal forests: Boreal forests are found just north of the tundra. They are characterized by a cold climate, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The trees in boreal forests are coniferous, meaning they have needle-like leaves that stay green all year.
* Grasslands: Grasslands are found to the south and west of the tundra. They are characterized by a temperate climate, with warm summers and cool winters. The vegetation in grasslands is dominated by grasses, with few trees.
* Deserts: Deserts are found to the south of the tundra. They are characterized by a hot, dry climate, with very little precipitation. The vegetation in deserts is sparse, and consists mostly of cacti and other succulents.