1. Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)
- This bird holds the record for the longest migration among animals.
- Breeds in the Arctic during summer, then migrates to the Antarctic for the winter.
- Travels approximately 11,000 miles (18,000 km) each way during migration.
- Feeds on small fish, insects, and crustaceans during migration.
2. Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
- Well-known for its extensive migration in North America.
- Breeds in the eastern United States and Canada during summer.
- Migrates to Mexico or California for the winter (up to 2,500 miles).
- Feeds on nectar from various plants during migration.
3. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
- One of the longest migrations among marine mammals.
- Breeds in tropical waters near the equator during winter.
- Migrates to cooler waters near the poles for feeding during summer.
- Feeds on krill, small fish, and plankton during migration.
4. Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
- Found in the Pacific Ocean. Exhibits an anadromous migration pattern.
- Born in freshwater rivers, migrate to the ocean to grow.
- Return to their natal river to spawn and die. Can travel hundreds to thousands of miles.
- Do not feed during the migration; rely on stored energy.
5. African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)
- Undertakes seasonal movements in search of food and water.
- Found in sub-Saharan Africa. Migration patterns vary by region.
- In specific regions, elephants migrate between dry and wet season habitats.
- Feed on vegetation, fruits, leaves, bark, and roots during migration.