1. Behavioral Changes:
- Reduced activity and increased resting time
- Less aggression towards other cows
- Increased time spent alone or in a corner
2. Physical Changes:
- Swollen vulva: The vulva may appear swollen and pinkish.
- Udder development: The udder may start to enlarge, even if not close to calving.
- Relaxation of ligaments: The ligaments around the tailhead and pelvis may relax, making the cow appear "heavier" in the rear.
- Increased appetite and thirst
3. Tailhead Mucous Plug:
- A clear or yellowish mucous plug may be visible at the base of the tail. This plug is produced to seal the cervix during pregnancy.
4. Absence of Heat Cycle:
- Pregnant cows will not show signs of heat (estrus), such as increased activity and licking of the vulva.
5. Weight Gain:
- Steady and gradual weight gain, especially in the abdomen area
6. Fetal Movements:
- In later stages of pregnancy, you may be able to feel fetal movements by placing your hand on the cow's abdomen, particularly on the right side.
7. Confirmation Test:
- A veterinarian can perform a confirmation test, such as a rectal examination, to determine if the cow is pregnant.
8. Ultrasound:
- An ultrasound can provide a more accurate estimate of the pregnancy stage and confirm the presence of a viable fetus.
9. Hormonal Changes:
- Certain hormonal changes, such as increased levels of progesterone, may be indicative of pregnancy.
It's important to note that these signs may vary from cow to cow, and some may be more subtle than others. If you suspect your cow is pregnant, consulting with a veterinarian or an experienced cattle breeder can help confirm the pregnancy and provide guidance on proper care during this period.