- Earthworms: Earthworms are common inhabitants of the subsoil, moving through the soil and creating burrows that help aerate the ground and assist in nutrient cycling. They feed on organic matter found in the soil.
- Nematodes: Nematodes, also known as roundworms, are extremely abundant in the subsoil. These microscopic animals are highly diverse, and some species feed on decaying organic matter while others are predators.
- Insects: Various insect species can be found in the subsoil, including beetle larvae, springtails, and collembola. These insects help decompose organic matter and play a role in nutrient cycling.
- Mites and Ticks: Mites and ticks are also found in the subsoil, primarily feeding on decaying organic matter or other small organisms.
- Earthworms: Earthworms can also be found in deeper soil layers, where they help improve soil structure and nutrient availability.
- Snails and Slugs: Some species of snails and slugs can burrow into the subsoil, especially in moist environments. They feed on decaying organic matter.
- Ants and Termites: Some ant and termite species create extensive underground colonies, extending deep into the subsoil. They play important roles in soil aeration and nutrient cycling.
- Small burrowing mammals: Certain small mammals like moles, voles, and gophers can create extensive burrow systems in the subsoil. These animals feed on plant material, insects, and earthworms.
- Larger burrowing mammals: Badgers, foxes, and armadillos are examples of larger mammals that dig burrows in the subsoil, providing habitat for various other organisms.
- Fossorial snakes and lizards: Some specialized snakes and lizards adapted for burrowing, like blind snakes and amphisbaenians, inhabit the subsoil. They feed on insects, small vertebrates, and other invertebrates.
The diversity and abundance of animals in the subsoil vary greatly depending on the soil type, temperature, moisture content, and availability of organic matter. These animals play vital ecological roles in decomposing organic material, nutrient cycling, soil aeration, and supporting the food chain.