- Phenotypic plasticity: Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of organisms to alter their phenotype (observable traits) in response to changes in the environment. This can include changes in physical traits, such as body size or shape, as well as behavioral or physiological traits. For example, some animals may grow thicker fur in colder climates or change their diet in response to changes in food availability. Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to better adapt to their specific environment and increase their chances of survival.
- Acclimatization: Acclimatization refers to the short-term adjustments organisms make in response to specific environmental changes. Unlike phenotypic plasticity, which involves genetic changes that are passed on to offspring, acclimatization involves physiological or behavioral changes that occur within the lifetime of an individual. Examples of acclimatization include changes in body temperature, heart rate, or metabolism in response to changes in temperature or humidity. Acclimatization helps organisms maintain homeostasis and cope with immediate changes in their environment.