What do plants have to protect themselves against humans and animals?

Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms to protect themselves against being eaten by humans and animals. These defenses include:

- Structural defenses: thick bark and leaves, spines and thorns, and trichomes (small, hair-like structures that can be sharp or sticky)

- Chemical defenses: toxins and bitter compounds that deter herbivores

- Camouflage: blending into the surroundings to avoid detection

- Mimicry: resembling unpalatable or dangerous animals to deter predation