2. The elements. Cowboys had to endure extreme weather conditions, including freezing temperatures, scorching heat, and torrential rains. They had to be able to stay healthy and hydrated in all kinds of weather.
3. Wild animals. Cowboys encountered bears, wolves, mountain lions, and other dangerous animals. They had to be able to defend themselves and their cattle from these predators.
4. Outlaws. Cattle drives often took place in lawless territory, and cowboys were at risk of being robbed or attacked by outlaws. They had to be able to protect themselves and their cattle from bandits and other criminals.