- Mosses: Mosses are non-vascular plants that form dense carpets on the ground. They are important in the tundra ecosystem as they provide food and shelter for many animals.
- Lichens: Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus and an alga. They form crusty or leafy structures and are able to survive in extreme conditions, making them important primary producers in the tundra.
- Grasses: Grasses are vascular plants that produce long, slender leaves. They are found in areas of the tundra where the conditions are slightly more favorable, such as meadows and riverbeds.
- Shrubs: Shrubs are woody plants that are smaller than trees. They are found in areas of the tundra where there is more protection from the wind and snow, such as sheltered valleys.
- Forbs: Forbs are herbaceous plants that are not grasses. They produce flowers and seeds and are an important food source for many animals in the tundra.
These plants use the energy from the sun to photosynthesize and produce food, which serves as the foundation for the tundra food chain and supports the entire ecosystem.