Abiotic Phenomena
* Climate: The tundra is characterized by a cold, dry climate. The average temperature in the tundra is below freezing for most of the year, and the growing season is only about 60 days long.
* Permafrost: Permafrost is a layer of ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost is found in the tundra because the ground is too cold to thaw completely during the summer months.
* Snow: Snow is a major part of the tundra environment. Snow falls in the tundra for most of the year, and it can accumulate to depths of several feet.
* Ice: Ice is another important part of the tundra environment. Ice can be found in the form of glaciers, ice caps, and sea ice.
Biotic Phenomena
* Plants: The tundra is home to a variety of plant life, including mosses, lichens, flowering plants, and shrubs.
* Animals: The tundra is home to a variety of animal life, including caribou, reindeer, musk oxen, polar bears, and Arctic foxes.
* Microorganisms: The tundra is also home to a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae.
The abiotic and biotic phenomena of the tundra are all interconnected and interdependent. The climate, permafrost, snow, and ice create a unique environment that is home to a variety of plant and animal life. The plants and animals of the tundra have adapted to the harsh conditions, and they play an important role in the ecosystem.