- Storing Water: Camels have highly efficient mechanisms for conserving water. They have large humps on their backs that are made of fatty tissue. These humps serve as water reservoirs, and the fat can be broken down to produce water molecules. A camel can store up to 200 pounds (90 kilograms) of fat in its hump. When the camel needs water, it metabolizes the fat in the humps, releasing the stored water into its body.
- Efficient Water Retention: Camels have evolved numerous adaptations to minimize water loss. They possess thick, leathery skin that prevents excessive evaporation. Their nostrils can close to conserve moisture during severe dry conditions. Camels also produce very little urine and feces, further minimizing water loss through waste elimination.
- Conserving Energy: Camels are remarkably efficient at conserving energy. They have long, spindly legs that help distribute weight evenly, reducing energy expenditure when walking on sand. Their thick fur provides insulation, reducing the energy needed to maintain body temperature. Camels also have a lower metabolic rate compared to other animals, enabling them to survive on limited food and water resources.
- Drinking Quickly: When water is available, camels can drink immense quantities in a short time. They have wide-opening throats that allow them to gulp water very quickly. A camel can drink up to 200 liters (53 gallons) of water in just three minutes, which is equivalent to about 1/3 of its body weight. This rapid intake allows the camel to quickly replenish its water reserves.
- Using Body Fat for Energy: When food and water are scarce, camels can rely on their stored body fat for energy. The fatty tissues in the humps can be metabolized to produce both energy and water, providing the camel with sustenance during challenging times.