1. Cold Winters: Elks are well-adapted to cold environments and can tolerate harsh winters. They have thick fur that helps them withstand cold temperatures and snowy conditions.
2. Moderate Summers: While elks can tolerate heat to some extent, they generally prefer moderate summers. They seek shade and cooler areas during the warmest parts of the day.
3. Precipitation: Elks thrive in areas with moderate to high levels of precipitation. They rely on water sources such as rivers, streams, and ponds for drinking and also require lush vegetation for grazing.
4. Elevation: Elks prefer higher elevations, typically between 2,000 and 11,000 feet above sea level. These higher elevations often provide suitable habitats with the desired vegetation, water, and shelter from predators.
5. Habitats: Elks occupy various habitats within temperate mountain regions. They can be found in coniferous forests, mixed forests, alpine meadows, subalpine forests, and even some riparian areas. Each subspecies may have specific habitat preferences, but all require a mix of open spaces and cover.
Overall, elks are adaptable to different climates within temperate regions but tend to favor cooler temperatures, moderate precipitation, and suitable habitats that provide food, water, and protection from extreme weather conditions.