1. The Ruling Class (The Pigs):
* Leaders: Napoleon, Squealer, and the other pigs.
* Characteristics:
* Control and Power: They hold absolute authority and control over all aspects of the farm.
* Exploitation: They use their power to exploit the other animals for their own benefit.
* Luxury and Privilege: They enjoy a luxurious lifestyle, consuming the best food and living in the farmhouse.
* Manipulation and Propaganda: They manipulate the other animals through propaganda and force to maintain their dominance.
* Tyrannical Rule: Their rule is based on fear and repression, with any dissent being swiftly dealt with.
2. The Working Class (The Other Animals):
* Members: Horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs, etc.
* Characteristics:
* Oppression: They are constantly exploited and oppressed by the pigs.
* Lack of Freedom and Rights: They are denied basic freedoms and rights, including freedom of speech and assembly.
* Poverty and Hardship: They live in poverty and endure harsh working conditions.
* Ignorance and Deception: They are kept ignorant by the pigs through manipulation and propaganda.
* Submission and Fear: They are forced to submit to the pigs' rule out of fear of punishment.
Key Differences:
* Power and Control: The pigs hold all the power and control, while the other animals are powerless.
* Lifestyle: The pigs live in luxury while the other animals live in poverty and hardship.
* Rights and Freedoms: The pigs enjoy extensive rights and freedoms while the other animals are denied basic rights.
* Education and Knowledge: The pigs are highly educated and cunning, while the other animals are kept ignorant and naive.
The emergence of these two classes in Animal Farm highlights the dangers of unchecked power and the exploitation of the vulnerable. It serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of equality, justice, and the fight against oppression.