- Clinical Skills: These include physical examination techniques, diagnostic imaging, anesthesia and analgesia, surgery, clinical pathology and laboratory techniques.
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics: This covers the study of drugs used in veterinary medicine, their mechanisms of action, side effects, and appropriate usage in different species.
- Physiology and Pathophysiology: This involves the study of normal and abnormal body function and the mechanisms of disease processes in animals.
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: This focuses on the study of microorganisms that cause diseases in animals and how to prevent and control infections.
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition: This covers the study of animal nutrition and how it relates to health and disease, as well as the formulation of diets for different species and health conditions.
- Animal Welfare and Ethics: This includes the study of animal behavior and welfare, and the ethical considerations involved in veterinary medicine.
- Communication and Interpersonal Skills: These are essential for effectively interacting with clients, colleagues and other professionals in the veterinary field.
- Surgical Techniques: This includes surgical principles and techniques, surgical anatomy, anesthesia, and post-operative care.
- Emergency and Critical Care: This involves the management of acute and life-threatening medical conditions in animals.
- Reproductive Management: This covers topics such as breeding, pregnancy, and parturition as well as reproductive health and disorders in animals.
- Diagnostic Imaging: This includes interpreting radiographs (X-rays), as well as advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Parasitology: This involves studying internal parasites such as worms and external parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as their prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
- Population Medicine and Epidemiology: This covers the study of disease prevalence, distribution and control within animal populations.
- Theriogenology: This involves the study of animal reproduction, breeding, artificial insemination, as well as reproductive disorders and infertility.
- Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics: This includes the analysis of blood, urine and other body fluids, cytology, and histopathology.
- Veterinary Public Health: This covers topics such as food safety, environmental health and zoonoses (diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans).
- Professionalism and Leadership: These skills are important for effective leadership, team work, and ethical decision making in veterinary practice.