1. Crypsis: This is when an animal's appearance blends in with its surroundings so that it is difficult to see. This can be achieved through various methods, such as matching the color of the environment, having a disruptive pattern that breaks up the animal's outline, or using countershading, where the animal's underside is lighter than its upperside, which helps to reduce the appearance of shadows.
2. Mimesis: This is when an animal imitates another object, such as a plant or a rock. This can help the animal to avoid predators or prey on other animals. For example, the leafy sea dragon is a type of fish that resembles seaweed, and the orchid mantis is a type of insect that resembles an orchid flower.
3. Deimatic Display: This is when an animal suddenly displays a startling pattern or behavior to deter predators. For example, the blue-tongued lizard will open its mouth and display its bright blue tongue when threatened.
4. Masquerade: This is when an animal disguises itself as another animal. For example, the peacock spider will disguise itself as a female of another spider species to attract mates.