1. Keen Sense of Smell:
Polar bears possess an extraordinary sense of smell, allowing them to detect prey from remarkable distances. This ability becomes particularly useful when detecting seals under thick layers of snow or ice. They can sniff out breathing holes created by the seals to find their hidden prey.
2. Patient Stalking and Waiting:
Polar bears often use stealth and patience as hunting tactics. They are known to lie in wait near seal breathing holes for hours, observing and waiting for the right moment to attack.
3. Sneaking and Ambushing:
They move slowly and quietly with a low hunting crouch to get as close as possible to their prey before making a sudden ambush. Their white fur makes them well-camouflaged amidst snowy landscapes.
4. Active Hunting and Chasing:
In cases where they can identify vulnerable seals basking on ice floes or resting on shores, polar bears might actively chase their prey and try to catch them through quick sprints. Their speed on land can reach up to 35 kilometers per hour (22 miles per hour).
5. Hunting from Ice Edges and Cracks:
Seals and walruses commonly use natural cracks or holes in the ice as breathing spots. Polar bears strategically position themselves near these locations and wait for opportunities to surprise their quarry at very close range.
6. Scavenging for Food:
Occasionally, polar bears might turn to scavenging, especially during unfavorable hunting periods. They might scavenge on marine mammal carcasses left by predators like other polar bears or killer whales.
It's essential to note that while polar bears primarily rely on sea ice for hunting and finding food, climate change, leading to reduced sea ice coverage, places increasing challenges on their ability to secure food efficiently. This poses serious threats to polar bear populations and emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate change and protecting delicate Arctic ecosystems.