Plant-Based:
* Berries: Blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, etc. are a major food source, especially in late summer and fall.
* Nuts & Seeds: Acorns, beechnuts, nuts, and seeds from various trees.
* Grasses & Herbs: Black bears will graze on grasses and eat various herbs and plants.
* Roots & Tubers: They dig for roots and tubers like wild onions and potatoes.
* Fruit: Apples, pears, and other fruits are eaten when available.
Animal-Based:
* Insects: Ants, beetles, caterpillars, and other insects are a significant part of their diet, especially for cubs.
* Small Mammals: Mice, voles, squirrels, and other small mammals are hunted.
* Fish: Black bears will fish for salmon and other fish, especially in areas with abundant salmon runs.
* Carrion: They'll scavenge on dead animals, including deer, elk, and even other bears.
* Birds & Bird Eggs: Black bears will raid nests for eggs and occasionally catch birds.
Seasonal Variations:
* Spring: Black bears emerge from hibernation and focus on high-energy foods like insects and green shoots.
* Summer: They enjoy a diverse diet of berries, nuts, and insects.
* Fall: They prepare for hibernation by consuming high-calorie foods like berries, nuts, and acorns.
* Winter: Black bears hibernate and do not eat.
Important Note:
While black bears are generally not aggressive towards humans, they can be dangerous when they feel threatened or are protecting their food. It's important to be aware of your surroundings and to keep a safe distance from black bears.