Here's how the partnership works:
* The fungus: Provides structure and protection for the lichen. It also absorbs water and nutrients from the environment.
* The alga: Uses sunlight to create food (through photosynthesis) which it shares with the fungus.
How reindeer moss survives in harsh environments:
* Slow growth: It grows very slowly, taking advantage of the limited nutrients and moisture in its environment.
* Water retention: It has a unique structure that allows it to absorb and hold onto water for extended periods, even during dry periods.
* Cold tolerance: It can survive extremely cold temperatures, thanks to its ability to dehydrate and rehydrate.
* Symbiotic relationship: The partnership with the alga allows it to thrive in places where other plants struggle.
Additional factors that contribute to its survival:
* Sunlight: It requires sunlight for the algae to photosynthesize.
* Nutrients: It absorbs nutrients from the air and the surrounding environment, but it's not very demanding in terms of nutrients.
In summary, reindeer moss's unique symbiotic relationship and its ability to adapt to harsh conditions are the key to its survival.