The thick scales of a pine cone help protect the seeds inside from the harsh conditions of the tundra, such as cold temperatures, high winds, and snow. The scales are made of a tough material called lignin, which is also found in wood. Lignin is resistant to decay and helps the cone to stay intact even in extreme conditions.
Resin
The scales of the pine cone are also covered in a sticky substance called resin. This resin helps to keep the cone closed and prevents water and snow from entering. It also helps to protect the seeds from insects and other pests.
Small size
Pine cones are relatively small in size, which helps them to withstand the wind. The small size also allows the cones to be easily transported by animals, which helps to spread the seeds.