Rabies: Raccoons are one of the main carriers of rabies in North America. Rabies is a deadly viral infection of the central nervous system that can be transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. If you are bitten by a raccoon, it's important to seek immediate medical attention to receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes rabies vaccine and immune globulin.
Tetanus: Raccoon bites can also introduce Clostridium tetani bacteria into the wound, leading to tetanus infection. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and can cause muscle spasms, stiffness, and potentially life-threatening complications. Tetanus vaccination is recommended as part of proper wound care after a raccoon bite.
Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection is spread through the urine of infected animals, including raccoons. Symptoms of leptospirosis can range from mild flu-like illness to severe conditions affecting the liver, kidneys, and other organs.
Cat-scratch disease (CSD): Although primarily associated with cats, CSD can also be transmitted by raccoons. Caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, CSD typically results in a skin lesion at the site of the bite or scratch, accompanied by fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes.
Pasteurella multocida: This bacterium is commonly found in the mouths of raccoons and can cause various infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, as well as more severe systemic infections.
Roundworm: Raccoons can carry roundworm parasites, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with raccoon feces or soil contaminated with their feces. Roundworm infection can cause abdominal symptoms, respiratory issues, and other health problems.
Seeking prompt medical attention after a raccoon bite is crucial for proper wound care, evaluation for potential infections, and appropriate treatment or preventive measures, including rabies PEP if necessary.