1. Parasitic Infections:
- Giardia: A protozoan parasite that can cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss.
- Toxoplasma gondii: A protozoan parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis, leading to neurological problems and reproductive failures.
2. Viral Infections:
- Canine distemper virus: A highly contagious virus that affects multiple organs, causing severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
- Rabies virus: A deadly viral infection that affects the central nervous system, causing aggression, paralysis, and eventually death.
3. Bacterial Infections:
- Brucellosis: A bacterial disease that can cause reproductive issues, abortions, and joint infections in bears.
- Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs, leading to weakness, coughing, and weight loss.
4. Fungal Infections:
- Dermatophytosis: Fungal infections of the skin, commonly known as ringworm, which can cause skin lesions and hair loss.
5. Nutritional Deficiencies:
- Vitamin A deficiency: Bears can suffer from vitamin A deficiency, particularly during hibernation, leading to eye problems and impaired immune function.
- Protein deficiency: Inadequate protein intake can negatively impact muscle development, growth, and overall health of bears.
6. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD):
- CWD is an infectious disease affecting the brain and nervous system of deer, elk, and moose. While not directly affecting bears, it can indirectly impact them by reducing their food sources.
7. Injuries:
- Bears can sustain injuries from fights, accidents, or encounters with humans. These injuries can range from minor cuts and scrapes to more severe wounds that may require medical attention.
It's worth noting that the prevalence and severity of these diseases can vary based on the geographic location, ecosystem, and population density of Grizzly bears. Conservation efforts and wildlife management practices often involve monitoring and managing disease outbreaks to ensure the health and survival of Grizzly bear populations.