What are the quills attached to on a cactus?

Cactus quills, also known as spines, are attached to areoles.

Areoles are specialized structures on the cactus stem. They are actually modified buds and can produce not only spines but also:

* Flowers: Cactus flowers arise from areoles.

* Glochids: These are tiny, barbed hairs that easily detach and can cause irritation.

* Branches: Some cacti can branch from their areoles.

So, in a way, you can think of areoles as the "multi-purpose" organs of a cactus!