Birth:
- Female walruses usually give birth to a single calf every two or three years.
- Births typically occur on stable ice floes, providing a safe environment for the newborn calf.
Nursing:
- Walrus calves are born well-developed and capable of swimming shortly after birth.
- Mothers produce rich, nutritious milk that is crucial for the calf's growth and development.
- Nursing lasts for several months, and the calf gains considerable weight during this period.
Protection:
- Walrus mothers are highly protective of their calves and display fierce defense behaviors.
- They form tight bonds with their offspring and remain close to them, especially during early vulnerable stages.
- Walruses use their massive size, tusks, and vocalizations to deter potential threats.
Huddling:
- Walruses are social creatures, and females often form huddles or aggregations on ice floes.
- These huddles provide protection and warmth for the calves, creating a safe environment for them to rest and play.
- Mothers vigilantly watch over their young within these groups.
Teaching:
- Walrus mothers teach their calves essential survival skills as they grow.
- They demonstrate diving, swimming, and hauling out behaviors, which are vital for finding food and avoiding predators.
- Calves learn by observing and imitating their mothers' actions.
Communication:
- Walruses use a variety of vocalizations and body language to communicate with their young.
- Mothers use specific sounds and gestures to guide and control the movements of their calves.
- This communication allows for coordination within the herd.
Weaning:
- Weaning occurs gradually as the calf becomes more independent and starts exploring the surroundings.
- Walruses primarily feed on mollusks and other benthic invertebrates, and calves progressively learn to locate and obtain their own food.
- The transition from milk to solid food marks an important milestone in the calf's development.
Extended Care:
- Walruses exhibit extended parental care, and calves often remain with their mothers for several years.
- This extended care includes protection, guidance, and ongoing learning until the calves are ready to fully integrate into the broader social structure of the walrus community.
In general, walrus mothers demonstrate remarkable dedication and investment in raising their offspring. Their nurturing and protective behaviors ensure the survival and successful development of the young walruses, allowing the species to thrive in their Arctic environment.