Groundhogs reach sexual maturity at about one year of age.
In February or March, groundhogs emerge from their burrows to compete with other males for females. They chase each other around, bite and scratch each other, and sometimes even fight to the death. The dominant male mates with multiple females.
Mating season:
The mating season for groundhogs typically occurs from late February to early April. During this time, males will actively search for receptive females and compete with other males for the opportunity to mate.
Gestation period:
After a successful mating, the gestation period for groundhogs lasts between 30-35 days. During this period, the female groundhog will prepare her burrow for the upcoming birth.
Litter size:
Groundhogs typically give birth to litters of 4-6 young, known as "pups." The pups are born blind and hairless and are completely dependent on their mother for survival.
Nursing:
Female groundhogs nurse their young for about 6-8 weeks. During this time, the pups will gradually become more independent and start to explore their surroundings.
Weaning:
Around 6-8 weeks of age, groundhog pups are weaned and begin to feed on solid foods. They will continue to live with their mother until they reach maturity at around 1 year of age.
Parental care:
While female groundhogs provide the primary care for their young, male groundhogs may also contribute by defending the burrow and providing food.
Dispersal:
As they approach sexual maturity, young groundhogs will disperse from their natal burrow to establish their own territories.