Habitat Loss and Fragmentation:
- Otters rely on specific habitats such as freshwater rivers, lakes, and coastal areas for survival. However, human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and pembangunan jalan have resulted in the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of these habitats.
Water Pollution:
- Otters are sensitive to water quality, and pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial waste, sewage discharge, and oil spills can contaminate their habitats, affecting their health and food sources.
Hunting and Poaching:
- Otters have been hunted for their fur, meat, and other body parts, which has led to population declines in many areas. Poaching remains a significant threat, especially in regions where otters are valued for their fur or perceived as a threat to fish stocks.
Bycatch:
- Otters can become entangled in fishing gear, such as nets and traps, resulting in injury or death. Bycatch is a particular problem for otters in areas where fishing activities are intense.
Human-Otter Conflict:
- In some areas, otters may come into conflict with humans due to competition for fish resources or perceived damage to fishing equipment. This conflict can lead to deliberate killing or displacement of otters.
Climate Change:
- Climate change affects otter habitats by altering water temperature, flow patterns, and ice cover. Changes in water conditions can impact otter prey availability and distribution, making it difficult for them to find sufficient food.
Disease:
- Otters are susceptible to various diseases, including canine distemper, which can be transmitted by domestic dogs. Disease outbreaks can cause significant mortality and population declines in otter populations.
Addressing these problems requires a multifaceted approach involving conservation efforts, habitat protection, regulation of water pollution, combating illegal trade and poaching, promoting responsible fishing practices, and raising awareness about the importance of otters in ecosystems. Cooperation between governments, conservation organizations, local communities, and the public is crucial to ensure the long-term survival and protection of otters and their habitats.