1. German Folklore: In Germanic mythology and folklore, kobolds were originally regarded as household spirits, typically associated with mines and underground places. They were believed to be mischievous creatures that could cause trouble or assist humans with household chores if treated with respect and offerings.
2. Norwegian Folklore: In Norwegian folklore, the term "kobold" is sometimes used to refer to mountain spirits or mischievous creatures associated with nature. These kobolds were believed to be small and could change their appearance, similar to trolls or other Norwegian mythical creatures.
3. Mining Legends: Kobolds have also been linked to mining folklore, particularly in German mining traditions. Miners often believed in the presence of kobolds who guarded valuable minerals and ores underground. These kobolds were often described as mischievous tricksters who could lead miners astray or cause accidents if not appeased with offerings.
4. Medieval Literature: Kobolds started to appear in written literature during the medieval period. They were often depicted as grotesque, dwarfish creatures with reptilian or canine features. This portrayal influenced later fantasy literature and role-playing games, shaping the modern perception of kobolds as small, reptilian humanoids.
5. Role-Playing Games: In modern times, kobolds gained significant popularity through their inclusion in tabletop role-playing games like Dungeons & Dragons. The portrayal of kobolds as small, dragon-like creatures with a knack for thievery and traps contributed to their current widespread recognition in the fantasy genre.
It's worth noting that the exact origins of kobolds may vary across different cultures and traditions, and the concept has evolved and been adapted over time. The term "kobold" itself has etymological roots in Old High German and Middle Low German, suggesting its origins in Germanic folklore.