Invention: Penicillin
Photo: [Image of Alexander Fleming](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Alexander_Fleming.jpg)
Brief Biography: Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist. He is best known for his discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic to be effective against a wide range of bacteria. Fleming was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for his discovery.
Name: Rosalind Franklin
Invention: DNA Double Helix
Photo: [Image of Rosalind Franklin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Franklin,_Rosalind.jpg)
Brief Biography: Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer. She played a significant role in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. Franklin's work helped to confirm the hypothesis of James Watson and Francis Crick, who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for their discovery.
Name: Gregor Mendel
Invention: Laws of Heredity
Photo: [Image of Gregor Mendel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gregor_Mendel_crop_-_color_corrected.jpg)
Brief Biography: Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk and scientist. He is considered the father of modern genetics for his work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Mendel's laws of heredity laid the foundation for the understanding of genetic inheritance.
Name: Barbara McClintock
Invention: Transposons
Photo: [Image of Barbara McClintock](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Barbara_McClintock_-_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.jpg)
Brief Biography: Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) was an American geneticist who discovered transposons, also known as "jumping genes." Her work was groundbreaking and revolutionized the understanding of how genes are regulated. McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery.