The most desirable time for insemination is done when ovulation has occurred. The signs of ovulation in a mare are relaxation of cervix and vulva, mare showing signs of estrus, and presence of a clear viscous fluid dripping from vulva. To detect the exact time of ovulation, a transrectal palpation of ovaries and uterus or ultrasonography is done twice daily.
How are mares bred?
Mares are induced to ovulate by mating (in some cases artificial vagina is used) and artificial insemination is done at the proper time which requires careful monitoring. The semen which is preserved at a very low temperature is thawed or warmed to just above the body temperature and a dose of 500 to 1000 million spermatozoa is deep intra uterine inseminated using French straw or glass rod insemination gun.