Here's why:
* Social Hierarchy: Both male and female horses establish social hierarchies within their groups. Dominance isn't solely determined by sex.
* Factors Affecting Dominance: Several factors contribute to a horse's social standing, including:
* Age: Older horses tend to be more dominant.
* Size: Larger horses often have an advantage.
* Temperament: Some horses are naturally more assertive.
* Experience: Horses that have been in a herd longer may hold a higher rank.
* Stallions and Mares: Stallions (male horses) typically have a more dominant role within a herd, but this is primarily because of their role in reproduction. They are responsible for protecting the mares and foals. However, mares can also be very dominant, especially towards their own foals or other mares in the herd.
* Individual Differences: Just like humans, horses have unique personalities. Some mares are very assertive and dominant, while some stallions are more laid-back.
In summary: While stallions generally have a more prominent role in horse herds, dominance is not solely based on sex. It's a complex dynamic influenced by several factors, and there are many dominant mares and submissive stallions.