1. Pregnancy: The gestation period for mares is approximately 340 days (or 11 months). During this time, the mare's body undergoes various changes to prepare for the birth.
2. Pre-Labor Signs: As the birth approaches, the mare may display certain signs that indicate imminent labor. These include:
- Swollen udder: The mammary glands start producing milk, causing the udder to swell.
- Relaxed ligaments: The ligaments around the pelvic area may begin to relax in preparation for the delivery.
- Restlessness: The mare may exhibit restlessness and pacing.
- Dripping milk: Some mares may experience leakage of milk from the udder.
3. Labor Stages: Labor in mares progresses through three stages:
- First Stage: This stage involves the dilatation of the cervix and the positioning of the foal within the birth canal. It may last several hours.
- Second Stage: The second stage begins with the rupture of the amniotic sac, which releases the amniotic fluid. The mare starts actively pushing, and the foal's head and forelimbs emerge.
- Third Stage: This stage involves the delivery of the remaining parts of the foal's body and the placenta (afterbirth).
4. Birthing Position: Most mares give birth while standing, but some may lie down during the process.
5. Assistance: While most mares give birth without complications, it is still important to have skilled individuals, such as veterinarians or experienced horse handlers, present during the foaling process to provide assistance if needed.
6. Post-Birth Care: After the birth, the mare will舔舔(舔) (clean) the foal and establish a close bond with it. The newborn foal should stand up and start suckling milk within a few hours of birth. The mare will provide nourishment and care for the foal as it grows and develops.
It is important to ensure a clean and calm environment for the mare during the birthing process to minimize stress and potential complications. Proper veterinary care and assistance can contribute to a healthy and successful foaling experience for both the mare and her foal.