* The " Equus caballus " or "Celtic Pony: This was a common type of horse throughout Europe during Roman times. They were generally small, strong, and hardy, well-suited for carrying loads and for cavalry work.
* The " Barb " from North Africa: These horses were known for their speed and agility. They were used by the Roman cavalry, especially in their campaigns in North Africa.
* The " Turkoman " from Central Asia: These horses were also fast and agile, and they were prized by the Romans for their stamina. They were used for both cavalry and chariot racing.
While these were the most common breeds, the Romans used other types of horses as well, depending on the specific purpose. They even bred their own breeds, resulting in the " Roman Horse " breed, which was specifically bred for military use.
It is important to note that the exact breeds used by the Romans are difficult to identify with certainty, as the terminology and classification of horses has changed over time. However, the general characteristics of the horses used by the Romans are well-documented.